2025 - Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc. https://cephashri.org Advancing Evidence. Building Healthier Communities Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:49:41 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.8.3 https://cephashri.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/cropped-favicon-32x32.png 2025 - Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc. https://cephashri.org 32 32 Co-development of the educational content of a proposed educational mobile health application prototype on oral cancer using Delphi technique https://cephashri.org/publication/co-development-of-the-educational-content-of-a-proposed-educational-mobile-health-application-prototype-on-oral-cancer-using-delphi-technique/ Thu, 30 Oct 2025 23:40:09 +0000 https://cephashri.org/?post_type=publication&p=1130 Health literacy plays a vital role in improving literacy on oral cancer. Currently, the use of mobile health applications (MHAs) to educate oral cancer is largely underutilised. So far, only two educational MHAs on oral cancer (“M-OncoED” and “Prayaas”) have ever been reported in peer-reviewed empirical studies, and these two MHAs lacked a comprehensive and inclusive content for laypersons. Hence, this present study aimed to co-develop a comprehensive and inclusive educational content for an educational MHA prototype on oral cancer using Delphi technique. This Delphi study was four-phased, and a total of sixty subject matter experts (SMEs) participated in the study. The phases of this study included the literature review phase (first phase) and three rounds of expert consultations (the second to the fourth phases). Consensus was achieved when a mean Likert score of...

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]]> Health literacy plays a vital role in improving literacy on oral cancer. Currently, the use of mobile health applications (MHAs) to educate oral cancer is largely underutilised. So far, only two educational MHAs on oral cancer (“M-OncoED” and “Prayaas”) have ever been reported in peer-reviewed empirical studies, and these two MHAs lacked a comprehensive and inclusive content for laypersons. Hence, this present study aimed to co-develop a comprehensive and inclusive educational content for an educational MHA prototype on oral cancer using Delphi technique. This Delphi study was four-phased, and a total of sixty subject matter experts (SMEs) participated in the study. The phases of this study included the literature review phase (first phase) and three rounds of expert consultations (the second to the fourth phases). Consensus was achieved when a mean Likert score of...

The post Co-development of the educational content of a proposed educational mobile health application prototype on oral cancer using Delphi technique first appeared on Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc..

]]> Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections and otitis media, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 https://cephashri.org/publication/global-regional-and-national-burden-of-upper-respiratory-infections-and-otitis-media-1990-2021-a-systematic-analysis-from-the-global-burden-of-disease-study-2021/ Thu, 30 Oct 2025 23:25:45 +0000 https://cephashri.org/?post_type=publication&p=1121 Background
Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are the leading cause of acute disease incidence worldwide and contribute to a substantial health-care burden. Although acute otitis media is a common complication of URIs, the combined global burden of URIs and otitis media has not been studied comprehensively. We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to explore the fatal and non-fatal burden of the two diseases across all age groups, including a granular analysis of children younger than 5 years, in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021.

Methods
Mortality due to URIs and otitis media was estimated with use of vital registration and sample-based vital registration data, which are used as inputs to the Cause of Death Ensemble model to separately model URIs and otitis media mortality by age and sex. Morbidity was modelled with a Bayesian...

The post Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections and otitis media, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 first appeared on Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc..

]]> Background
Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are the leading cause of acute disease incidence worldwide and contribute to a substantial health-care burden. Although acute otitis media is a common complication of URIs, the combined global burden of URIs and otitis media has not been studied comprehensively. We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to explore the fatal and non-fatal burden of the two diseases across all age groups, including a granular analysis of children younger than 5 years, in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021.

Methods
Mortality due to URIs and otitis media was estimated with use of vital registration and sample-based vital registration data, which are used as inputs to the Cause of Death Ensemble model to separately model URIs and otitis media mortality by age and sex. Morbidity was modelled with a Bayesian...

The post Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections and otitis media, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 first appeared on Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc..

]]> Blood pressure profiles and correlates among young adults in South Western Nigeria: A cross-sectional study https://cephashri.org/publication/blood-pressure-profiles-and-correlates-among-young-adults-in-south-western-nigeria-a-cross-sectional-study/ Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:45:31 +0000 https://cephashri.org/?post_type=publication&p=1159 Background:There is a growing concern about the prevalence of high blood pressure among young adults, but its epidemiological profile remains poorly explored.
Objective: This cross-sectional study described the pattern of blood pressure and its correlates among young adults aged 16-35years recruited under the TERRACE study, in two major metropolises in South Western Nigeria.
Methods:Basic socio-demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood pressure and anthropometric parameters were measured using standardised methods. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23 software and a pvalue <0.05 was used to determine the level of statistical significance. Results: In a total of 803 participants; 66.5% were females, mean age was 21.2 ± 3.4 years. 74.8% had optimal (BP), 15.6% normal, 5.9% had high-normal BP, while 3.1% and 1.0% had grades 1 and 2 hypertension, respectively.

The post Blood pressure profiles and correlates among young adults in South Western Nigeria: A cross-sectional study first appeared on Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc..

]]> Background:There is a growing concern about the prevalence of high blood pressure among young adults, but its epidemiological profile remains poorly explored.
Objective: This cross-sectional study described the pattern of blood pressure and its correlates among young adults aged 16-35years recruited under the TERRACE study, in two major metropolises in South Western Nigeria.
Methods:Basic socio-demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood pressure and anthropometric parameters were measured using standardised methods. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23 software and a pvalue <0.05 was used to determine the level of statistical significance. Results: In a total of 803 participants; 66.5% were females, mean age was 21.2 ± 3.4 years. 74.8% had optimal (BP), 15.6% normal, 5.9% had high-normal BP, while 3.1% and 1.0% had grades 1 and 2 hypertension, respectively.

The post Blood pressure profiles and correlates among young adults in South Western Nigeria: A cross-sectional study first appeared on Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc..

]]> The global, regional, and national burden of cancer, 1990-2023, with forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 https://cephashri.org/publication/the-global-regional-and-national-burden-of-cancer-1990-2023-with-forecasts-to-2050-a-systematic-analysis-for-the-global-burden-of-disease-study-2023/ Wed, 29 Oct 2025 23:26:56 +0000 https://cephashri.org/?post_type=publication&p=1125 Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death globally. Accurate cancer burden information is crucial for policy planning, but many countries do not have up-to-date cancer surveillance data. To inform global cancer-control efforts, we used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 framework to generate and analyse estimates of cancer burden for 47 cancer types or groupings by age, sex, and 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2023, cancer burden attributable to selected risk factors from 1990 to 2023, and forecasted cancer burden up to 2050. Methods: Cancer estimation in GBD 2023 used data from population-based cancer registration...

The post The global, regional, and national burden of cancer, 1990-2023, with forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 first appeared on Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc..

]]> Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death globally. Accurate cancer burden information is crucial for policy planning, but many countries do not have up-to-date cancer surveillance data. To inform global cancer-control efforts, we used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 framework to generate and analyse estimates of cancer burden for 47 cancer types or groupings by age, sex, and 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2023, cancer burden attributable to selected risk factors from 1990 to 2023, and forecasted cancer burden up to 2050. Methods: Cancer estimation in GBD 2023 used data from population-based cancer registration...

The post The global, regional, and national burden of cancer, 1990-2023, with forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 first appeared on Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc..

]]> Global, regional, and national prevalence of kidney failure with replacement therapy and associated aetiologies, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 https://cephashri.org/publication/global-regional-and-national-prevalence-of-kidney-failure-with-replacement-therapy-and-associated-aetiologies-1990-2023-a-systematic-analysis-for-the-global-burden-of-disease-study-2023/ Tue, 28 Oct 2025 23:41:50 +0000 https://cephashri.org/?post_type=publication&p=1133 Background: Kidney failure with replacement therapy (KFRT) such as dialysis or transplantation represents a severe stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and poses a major global health burden. Although many CKD cases are diagnosed in the earlier stages, the greatest risk occurs when CKD progresses to KFRT. Despite its considerable financial and imposing impact on public health, there is a notable gap in international policies addressing CKD and KFRT. To bridge this gap and help policy makers and health systems effectively tackle the public health challenge of KFRT, a better understanding of the disease burden is essential. Thus, this analysis aims to provide a detailed overview of the global prevalence of KFRT and its associated aetiologies with estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) from 1990 to 2023. Methods: This study defined KFRT as individuals on maintenance dialysis for...

The post Global, regional, and national prevalence of kidney failure with replacement therapy and associated aetiologies, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 first appeared on Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc..

]]> Background: Kidney failure with replacement therapy (KFRT) such as dialysis or transplantation represents a severe stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and poses a major global health burden. Although many CKD cases are diagnosed in the earlier stages, the greatest risk occurs when CKD progresses to KFRT. Despite its considerable financial and imposing impact on public health, there is a notable gap in international policies addressing CKD and KFRT. To bridge this gap and help policy makers and health systems effectively tackle the public health challenge of KFRT, a better understanding of the disease burden is essential. Thus, this analysis aims to provide a detailed overview of the global prevalence of KFRT and its associated aetiologies with estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) from 1990 to 2023. Methods: This study defined KFRT as individuals on maintenance dialysis for...

The post Global, regional, and national prevalence of kidney failure with replacement therapy and associated aetiologies, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 first appeared on Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc..

]]> Global burden of vision impairment due to age-related macular degeneration, 1990-2021, with forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 https://cephashri.org/publication/global-burden-of-vision-impairment-due-to-age-related-macular-degeneration-1990-2021-with-forecasts-to-2050-a-systematic-analysis-for-the-global-burden-of-disease-study-2021/ Sun, 26 Oct 2025 00:35:11 +0000 https://cephashri.org/?post_type=publication&p=1153 Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a growing public health concern worldwide, as one of the leading causes of vision impairment. We aimed to estimate global, national, and region-specific prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) along with tobacco as a modifiable risk factor to aid public policy addressing AMD. Methods: Data on AMD were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study 2021 database in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2021. Vision impairment was defined and categorised by severity as follows: moderate to severe vision loss (visual acuity from <6/18 to 3/60) and blindness (visual acuity <3/60 or a visual field <10 degrees around central fixation). The burden of vision impairment attributable to AMD was subsequently estimated. These estimates were further stratified by geographical region, age, year, sex, Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) levels. Additionally, the effect of tobacco use, a modifiable risk factor, on the burden of AMD was analysed, and projections of AMD burden were estimated through to 2050. These projections also included scenario modelling to assess the potential effects of tobacco elimination.

The post Global burden of vision impairment due to age-related macular degeneration, 1990-2021, with forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 first appeared on Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc..

]]> Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a growing public health concern worldwide, as one of the leading causes of vision impairment. We aimed to estimate global, national, and region-specific prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) along with tobacco as a modifiable risk factor to aid public policy addressing AMD. Methods: Data on AMD were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study 2021 database in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2021. Vision impairment was defined and categorised by severity as follows: moderate to severe vision loss (visual acuity from <6/18 to 3/60) and blindness (visual acuity <3/60 or a visual field <10 degrees around central fixation). The burden of vision impairment attributable to AMD was subsequently estimated. These estimates were further stratified by geographical region, age, year, sex, Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) levels. Additionally, the effect of tobacco use, a modifiable risk factor, on the burden of AMD was analysed, and projections of AMD burden were estimated through to 2050. These projections also included scenario modelling to assess the potential effects of tobacco elimination.

The post Global burden of vision impairment due to age-related macular degeneration, 1990-2021, with forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 first appeared on Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc..

]]> Global, regional, and national trends in routine childhood vaccination coverage from 1980 to 2023 with forecasts to 2030: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 https://cephashri.org/publication/global-regional-and-national-trends-in-routine-childhood-vaccination-coverage-from-1980-to-2023-with-forecasts-to-2030-a-systematic-analysis-for-the-global-burden-of-disease-study-2023/ Sat, 25 Oct 2025 00:41:14 +0000 https://cephashri.org/?post_type=publication&p=1156